Microscopic Droplet Size Analysis (MDSA) of "Five Thieves' Oil" (Olejek Pieciu Zlodziei) Essential Oil after the Nebulization Process.

Nowadays, due to a higher resistance to drugs, antibiotics, and antiviral medicaments, new ways of fighting pathogens are intensively studied. The alternatives for synthesized compositions are natural products, most of which have been known in natural medicine for a long time. One of the best-known and intensively investigated groups are essential oils (EOs) and their compositions. However, it is worth noting that the method of application can play a second crucial part in the effectiveness of the antimicrobial activity. EOs possess various natural compounds which exhibit antimicrobial activity. One of the compositions which is based on the five main ingredients of eucalyptus, cinnamon, clove, rosemary, and lemon is named "five thieves' oil" (Polish name: olejek pieciu zlodziei) (5TO) and is used in natural medicine. In this study, we focused on the droplet size distribution of 5TO during the nebulization process, evaluated by the microscopic droplet size analysis (MDSA) method. Furthermore, viscosity studies, as well as UV-Vis of the 5TO suspensions in medical solvents such as physiological salt and hyaluronic acid, were presented, along with measurements of refractive index, turbidity, pH, contact angle, and surface tension. Additional studies on the biological activity of 5TO solutions were made on the P. aeruginosa strain NFT3. This study opens a way for the possible use of 5TO solutions or emulsion systems for active antimicrobial applications, i.e., for surface spraying.

Engineered Cross-Linked Silane with Urea Polymer Thin Durable Coatings onto Polymeric Films for Controlled Antiviral Release of Activated Chlorine and Essential Oils.

In March 2020, the World Health Organization announced a pandemic attributed to SARS-CoV-2, a novel beta-coronavirus, which spread widely from China. As a result, the need for antiviral surfaces has increased significantly. Here, the preparation and characterization of new antiviral coatings on polycarbonate (PC) for controlled release of activated chlorine (Cl+) and thymol separately and combined are described. Thin coatings were prepared by polymerization of 1-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl] urea (TMSPU) in ethanol/water basic solution by modified Stöber polymerization, followed by spreading the formed dispersion onto surface-oxidized PC film using a Mayer rod with appropriate thickness. Activated Cl-releasing coating was prepared by chlorination of the PC/SiO2-urea film with NaOCl through the urea amide groups to form a Cl-amine derivatized coating. Thymol releasing coating was prepared by linking thymol to TMSPU or its polymer via hydrogen bonds between thymol hydroxyl and urea amide groups. The activity towards T4 bacteriophage and canine coronavirus (CCV) was measured. PC/SiO2-urea-thymol enhanced bacteriophage persistence, while PC/SiO2-urea-Cl reduced its amount by 84%. Temperature-dependent release is presented. Surprisingly, the combination of thymol and chlorine had an improved antiviral activity, reducing the amount of both viruses by four orders of magnitude, indicating synergistic activity. For CCV, coating with only thymol was inactive, while SiO2-urea-Cl reduced it below a detectable level.

Docking-Based Evidence for the Potential of ImmunoDefender: A Novel Formulated Essential Oil Blend Incorporating Synergistic Antiviral Bioactive Compounds as Promising Mpro Inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2.

Essential oils (Eos) have demonstrated antiviral activity, but their toxicity can hinder their use as therapeutic agents. Recently, some essential oil components have been used within safe levels of acceptable daily intake limits without causing toxicity. The "ImmunoDefender," a novel antiviral compound made from a well-known mixture of essential oils, is considered highly effective in treating SARS-CoV-2 infections. The components and doses were chosen based on existing information about their structure and toxicity. Blocking the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 with high affinity and capacity is critical for inhibiting the virus's pathogenesis and transmission. In silico studies were conducted to examine the molecular interactions between the main essential oil components in "ImmunoDefender" and SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. The screening results showed that six key components of ImmunoDefender formed stable complexes with Mpro via its active catalytic site with binding energies ranging from -8.75 to -10.30 kcal/mol, respectively for Cinnamtannin B1, Cinnamtannin B2, Pavetannin C1, Syzyginin B, Procyanidin C1, and Tenuifolin. Furthermore, three essential oil bioactive inhibitors, Cinnamtannin B1, Cinnamtannin B2, and Pavetannin C, had significant ability to bind to the allosteric site of the main protease with binding energies of -11.12, -10.74, and -10.79 kcal/mol; these results suggest that these essential oil bioactive compounds may play a role in preventing the attachment of the translated polyprotein to Mpro, inhibiting the virus's pathogenesis and transmission. These components also had drug-like characteristics similar to approved and effective drugs, suggesting that further pre-clinical and clinical studies are needed to confirm the generated in silico outcomes.

Phytochemical Characterization and Screening of the Anti-Pneumonia (Anti-COVID-19, Anti-Fungal, and Anti-Bacterial) Activities of Cuscuta Campestris Extract

Introduction: Although, several vaccines are being approved, no effective antiviral drug has been developed for COVID-19 infectious. The present investigation was aimed to increase the essential oils of Cuscuta campestris using far-red light treatment and examine the potential of crude extracts of C. campestris against selected pneumonia pathogens and COVID-19.Methods: Anti-COVID-19 activity was determined in human lung cell lines and COVID-19 positive patients.Results: Results demonstrated that the aqueous extract had the highest amount of anti-COVID-19, antibiotic and antioxidant activity. The far-red light treatment increased Scoparone, cineole, Benzofuran, 2, 3- dihydro, Cinnamic acid, and Benzo[h]quinoline, 2, 4-dimethyl, which are mainly effective components against COVID-19 inflammation and pneumonia microbes. CT scan and clinical laboratory tests in a clinical case study, a 30-year-old woman who presented with severe 2019-nCoV, demonstrated that inhalation of 30 mg extract nebulized/day for seven days resulted in significant improvement in consolidation and ground-glass opacity in lungs on the seventh day of treatment.Conclusion: It is hoped that this study leads to the introduction of some compounds that could be used to formulate new and more potent anti-COVID-19 antibiotics, or other drugs of natural origin in medicine.

Fluorescent study of wastewater and the effect of low quantity of disinfectant

In the last few years due to the COVID-19 pandemic the pollution with large quantities of medicaments, disinfectants and essential oils raised the importance of their detection in wastewater. The research of new techniques for diagnostics continues. Some promising methods for finding contaminators of different origin are based on the optic and spectral characteristics of the examined water. Those could be used in determining the exact pollutant. The spectroscopic examination could also be conducted real-time under in vivo conditions. In this research, we use fluorescence spectroscopy to investigate the purity of water probes from the discharge of the Iskar River near the treatment plant in Samokov (Bulgaria) and the influence of small amounts of disinfectants (ethanol). The results show that fluorescence can be used to determine the purity of water probes and little amounts of alcohol in wastewater.

Hidden threat lurking in extensive hand hygiene during the Covid-19 pandemic: investigation of sensitizing molecules in gel products by hyphenated chromatography techniques.

During the Covid-19 pandemic, health agencies worldwide have recommended frequent handwashing and sanitizing. A variety of hand gel products were made available on the market, often with fragrances added to curtail the strong smell of alcohol. Commonly used Citrus fragrances contain volatile aroma constituents and non-volatile oxygen heterocyclic compounds (OHCs), consisting mostly of polymethoxyflavones, coumarins, and furocoumarins. The latter have long been investigated for their phototoxic properties, and their safety as cosmetic product ingredients has been debated recurrently. To this concern, twelve commercial Citrus-scented products were investigated in this study. An extraction method was optimized for thirty-seven OHC compounds, obtaining absolute mean recovery values in the 73.5-116% range with only few milliliters of solvent consumption. Analysis by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection evidenced that three samples did not conform to the labeling requirements for fragrance allergens (coumarin) laid down by the European Union Regulation on Cosmetic Products. The total furocoumarin (FC) content of the samples investigated was in the 0.003-3.7ppm range, with some noteworthy exceptions. Specifically, in two samples, the total FCs were quantified as 89 and 219 ppm, thus exceeding the safe limits recommended up to a factor of 15. Finally, the consistency of the volatile fingerprint attained by gas chromatography allowed drawing conclusions on the authenticity of the Citrus fragrances labeled, and several products did not conform to the information reported on the label concerning the presence of essential oils. Besides the issue of product authenticity, analytical tools and regulatory actions for widespread testing of hand hygiene products are urgent, to protect consumers' health and safety.

Can You Smell Me Now: Towards a Remote Olfactory Study

The sense of smell-olfaction involves the natural processing of ambient information in real-time. This process allows humans to detect danger, identify familiarities, and form lasting memories. During the COVID-19 pandemic, researchers were presented with challenges related to conducting in-person olfactory-based user studies. In this paper, we explore user experience and perception during olfactory-based interactions (OBI). Based upon previous literature, we propose an approach to offer future researchers a methodology for conducting olfactory-based user studies remotely. In particular, we explored a paper prototyping medium as an olfactory display. This experiment demonstrates the remote investigation of a complex sensory functionality during high mental work-load levels while participants (N=12) engage in an online memory game. Furthermore, this work seeks to inspire further discussion of olfactory-based user studies that explore functions related to human moods, memory, and behavior.

Self-medication and use of medicinal plants among university students in the Peruvian Amazon during the first wave by COVID-19

Introduction: The accelerated spread of SARS-CoV-2 brought about a worldwide crisis, and a series of studies and recommendations to manage it. Before the pandemic, studies evidence a high prevalence of self-medication in university students. Objective: To identify the frequency and characteristics of self- medication against COVID-19 with drugs and/or medicinal plants in students of the National University of the Peruvian Amazon (UNAP), Iquitos, Loreto-Peru, during the first wave of COVID-19. Material and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 338 students using a semi-structured ad-hoc survey with questions distributed in 3 dimensions: sociodemographic characteristics, characteristics of COVID-19, and characteristics of the use of drugs/medicinal plants. Results: The mean age was 22.39 years (SD +/- 5.59), female sex predominated with 61.2 % (n=207), and 55.3 % (n=187) presented symptoms suggestive of COVID-19. In addition, 76.9% (n=260) used medication, distributed from highest to lowest 65.4% (n=170) drugs and plants, 25.8% (n= 67) only plants, and 8.8% (n=23) only drugs;79.2% (n=206) used self- medication. The main drugs used were dexamethasone, paracetamol, azithromycin, and ivermectin. The main medicinal plants used were eucalyptus, kion, chamomile, and matico. There was a probable association between self-medication and a history of symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 (p= 0.001, 95% CI), and COVID-19 contact (p=0.011, 95% CI). Conclusion: Among students of a university in the Peruvian Amazon, a high prevalence and factors associated with selfmedication with drugs and medicinal plants were identified.

Phytotherapy in the virus infections

The study is a review of natural raw materials that can prevent infection and help treat viral infections, including those that cause COVID-19. The condition of not getting infected with pathogens that cause infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract is high the body resistance. An important element that influences the proper immunity of the body is the diet. The functioning of the immune system is improved by bee products, and plant materials: purple coneflower herb, flower and root, licorice root, aloe gel and Baikal skullcap root, as well as black cumin seed oil, chaga mushroom, lemon balm leaves and chamomile flowers. Strengthening immunity is conducive to maintaining a good mood and reducing stress. The antiviral activity has been confirmed for many plant materials, especially those containing essential oils. Natural products can be used for prevention and treatment. The country that copes best with the coronavirus epidemic is China, thanks to a combination of academic and natural medicine. The study quotes an excerpt from the "Handbook of COVID-19 Prevention and Treatment", prepared by Chinese doctors, with particular attention to the recipes used by them.

Advances in encapsulation of organic compounds for biological protective textiles

Humans are surrounded by numerous pathogens, which can cause severe infections and even become a source of death. The world has seen the impact of COVID-19 on the health and economic sector and continues to see the other impact if corrective measures are not taken. Similarly, the impact of bacteria on the human body has increased noticeably over the past few years, and is one of the significant challenges the healthcare sector faces. Therefore it is imperative to focus on the systems through which the impact of pathogens could be reduced. Scientists are rigorously working on the development of biological protective textiles using the encapsulation of organic compounds to protect the user from harmful pathogens. This chapter will review recent advancements in the development of biological protective textiles using encapsulated organic compounds. The fundamentals of micro/nanoencapsulation and the most important encapsulation techniques used for the development of microcapsules loaded with organic compounds (essential oils) will be described. The application of various organic compounds onto textiles through suitable encapsulation techniques will also be discussed. The control-release kinetics with mathematical modeling will be thoroughly discussed to understand the release behaviors of microcapsules. Novel biological protective textiles such as antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, mosquito repellent, insect repellent, etc., will be reviewed. Finally, the mode of action of essential oils against viruses, pathogens, insects, mosquitoes, and oxidants will be explained. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Terpenes, meroterpenoids, and artemisinin and SARS-CoV-2

The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by a novel coronavirus;the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Millions of cases and deaths to date have resulted in a global challenge for healthcare systems. There are currently no effective therapeutic approaches for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Therefore, the identification of effective therapeutics is a necessity. Terpenes, meroterpenoids, and artemisinin are natural products that could serve as a source of new drugs or as prototypes to develop effective pharmacotherapeutic agents. This chapter deals with the biological properties and nutraceutical application of terpenes, meroterpenoids, and artemisinin and also finds out the possible interaction and discusses the mechanism of action of these natural products against SARs-CoV-2. The information reviewed here might provide useful clues and lay the foundation for developing new terpenes, meroterpenoid, and artemisinin-derived drugs. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A Eucalyptus and Lemon Essential Oils as an Alternative for Symptoms Management of COVID-19: A Single-blinded Randomized Controlled Trial

Introduction: Patients with COVID-19 without underlying medical issues are asked to self-manage symptoms with minimal medicines and lifestyle changes. However, the majority of current guidelines make no particular recommendations for treating COVID-19 symptoms, which, in addition to being extremely debilitating, contribute to the virus's transmissionPatients with COVID-19 were given eucalyptus and lemon essential oils as part of this study to see if they could reduce their symptoms. Methods: This study was conducted using two-group single-blind randomized controlled trial. A total of 100 participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups: the aromatherapy group (n =50) or the control group (n=50). The intervention group inhaled three drops of eucalyptus and lemon were combined in a 1:1 ratio for 20 minutes in 7 days. Each participant was asked to indicate whether or not they had experienced any of the 13 Major COVID-19 symptoms. Results: Eucalyptus and lemon essential oils improved outcomes relative to the control at T1 across two outcomes: 1) total number of symptoms decreased 2.39 (1.11 to 7.39), 2) body temperature score saw a modest decreased 2.17 points (95% CI 1.12 to 6.48). At T2, improved outcomes relative to the control were observed in family total number of symptoms (DID coefficient 3.41 (95% CI (1.12 to 6.75), body temperature (DID coefficient 2.39, 95% CI 1.18 to 6.63). Conclusion: Eucalyptus and lemon essentials oils (applied together) could be used as an alternative therapy for COVID-19 symptoms management. © 2022 UPM Press. All rights reserved.

THE MANAGEMENT OF COVID 19 BY PLANT EXTRACTS, ESSENTIAL OILS AND PHYTOCONSTITUENTS: A REVIEW

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), it is a virus belonging to the family Coronaviridae which includes zoonotic viruses infecting mammals and birds. This disease emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and quickly developed into a global pandemic with high mortality rates. The magnitude of the pandemic has involved a global collaborative scientific response to develop effective preventive and therapeutic means using both traditional and advanced techniques. However, to date specific therapies for COVID-19 are not well established and only a few vaccines are approved for emergency use. Herbal remedies, especially essential oils (EOs) can boost immunity which plays a decisive role in the initiation and progression of the disease in the preliminary stage of a COVID-19 infection. The low cost and availability of medicinal plants as well as the almost non-existent side effects encourages their widespread use during the pandemic, hence a great need to identify plant extracts for anti-COVID 19 use. Although the majority of studies are done in silico, with little in vivo or in vitro study, we can have an idea for further later experiments. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.

Synthesis of ester-free poly(trimethylene carbonate) bearing cinnamyl moiety for antibacterial biomaterials applications

Antimicrobial biocompatible polymers have highly desirable materials in medical technology to prevent any healthcare-associated infections from the in-dwelling on medical device that could pose a risk to patients, and this is gaining attention particularly in the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, ester free type of poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) derivatives containing cinnamyl group has been synthesized. Also, several of alcohol-based initiators;benzyl alcohol, 2,2-dimethyl-1-propanol, 4-(2-hydroxyethoxy) benzaldehyde and 2-(p-tolyloxy)ethan-1-ol and polymer structure has been designed and analyzed its molecular weight on thermal and physical properties effect. The homopolymers and copolymers of PTMC derivatives with cinnamyl group had achieved with molecular weight up to 7400 — 12,300 g/mol with the improved physical state and glass transition temperature, Tg at 8 ֩C respectively. Different types of essential oil, which is thymol and carvacrol, have been incorporated with cinnamyl PTMC had resulted the suppression of E.coli and S.aureus growth. The results showed a promising of introduction of cinnamyl derivatives into ester free-type of PTMC derivatives, as well as create more alcohol-initiators for polymerization of trimethylene carbonate, for more advanced development in the future. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.

Non-Alcohol Hand Sanitiser Gels with Mandelic Acid and Essential Oils.

Antimicrobial hand gels have become extremely popular in recent years due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Frequent use of hand sanitising gel can lead to dryness and irritation of the skin. This work focuses on the preparation of antimicrobial acrylic acid (Carbomer)-based gels enhanced by non-traditional compounds-mandelic acid and essential oils-as a substitute for irritating ethanol. Physicochemical properties (pH and viscosity), stability and sensory attributes of the prepared gels were investigated. Antimicrobial activity against representative Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and yeasts was determined. The prepared gels with mandelic acid and essential oil (cinnamon, clove, lemon, and thyme) proved to have antimicrobial activity and even better organoleptic properties than commercial ethanol-based antimicrobial gel. Further, results confirmed that the addition of mandelic acid had a desirable effect on gel properties (antimicrobial, consistency, stability). It has been shown that the essential oil/mandelic acid combination can be a dermatologically beneficial hand sanitiser compared to commercial products. Thus, the produced gels can be used as a natural alternative to alcohol-based daily hand hygiene sanitisers.

In Vitro Antiviral Evaluations of Coldmix®: An Essential Oil Blend against SARS-CoV-2.

Coldmix® is a commercially available Eucalyptus aetheroleum and, Abies aetheroleum blend for medicinal applications. In this present study, the in vitro antiviral potential of Coldmix®, and its major constituents 1,8-cineole and α-pinene were evaluated by using the in vitro ACE2 enzyme inhibition assay as well as the direct contact test against SARS-CoV-2. The observed ACE2 enzyme inhibitory activity of Coldmix®, 1,8-cineole, and α-pinene were 72%, 88%, and 80%, respectively; whereas in the direct contact test in the vapor phase, the destruction of the virus was 79.9% within 5 min and 93.2% in the 30th min, respectively. In a similar Coldmix® vapor phase setup using the in vitro cytotoxicity cell assay, E6 VERO healthy cells were experimentally not affected by toxicity. According to the promising initial antiviral results of Coldmix® and the individually tested constituents, detailed further in vivo evaluation using different virus classes is suggested.

Natural Immunomodulators Treat the Cytokine Storm in SARS-CoV-2.

Recently, the world has been dealing with a destructive global pandemic Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, since 2020; there were millions of infections and hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide. With sequencing generations of the virus, around 60% are expected to become infected during the pandemic. Unfortunately, no drug or vaccine has been approved because no real evidence from clinical trials in treatment was reached. According to current thinking, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mortality is caused by a cytokine storm syndrome in patients with hyper-inflammatory conditions, resulting in acute respiratory distress and finally death. In this review, we discuss the various types of natural immune-modulatory agents and their role in the management of SARS-CoV-2, and cytokine storm syndrome. For example, Polyphenols as natural products can block the binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to host cell receptor ACE2, stop viral entry into the host cell and block viral RNA replication. Also, saikosaponins (A, B2, C, and D), triterpene glycosides, which are isolated from medicinal plants exert antiviral action against HCoV-22E9, and Houttuynia cordata water extract has antiviral effects on SARS-CoV. Moreover, eucalyptus oil has promising potential for COVID-19 prevention and treatment. There is an urgent need for research to improve the function of the human immune system all over the world. As a result, actions for better understanding and improving the human immune system are critical steps toward mitigating risks and negative outcomes. These approaches will be strongly recommended for future emerging viruses and pathogens.

fNIRS neuroimaging in olfactory research: A systematic literature review.

There are a number of key features which make olfaction difficult to study; subjective processes of odor detection, discrimination and identification, and individualistic odor hedonic perception and associated odor memories. In this systematic review we explore the role functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has played in understanding olfactory perception in humans. fNIRS is an optical neuroimaging technique able to measure changes in brain hemodynamics and oxygenation related to neural electrical activity. Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, results of this search found that generally the majority of studies involving healthy adult subjects observed increased activity in response to odors. Other population types were also observed, such as infants, individuals with autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dysosmia. fNIRS coverage heavily favored the prefrontal cortex, temporal and parietal regions. This review finds that odor induced cortical activation is dependent on multiple factors, such as odorant type, gender and population type. This review also finds that there is room for improvement in areas such as participant diversity, use of wearable fNIRS systems, physiological monitoring and multi-distance channels.

Lime and orange essential oils and d-limonene as a potential COVID-19 inhibitor: Computational, in chemico, and cytotoxicity analysis.

The COVID-19 pandemic has substantially impacted the world health systems, causing public health concerns, and the search for new compounds with antiviral activity is of extreme interest. Natural molecules with bioactive potential are a trend, with essential oils (Eos) being the focus of recent studies. Thus, this study evaluates in chemico the d-limonene inhibitory activities in the viral genome of SARS-CoV-2 and analyzes the cytotoxic potential and safety profile of d-limonene and lime and orange EOs with a high content of d-limonene. The EOs were extracted and characterized, and the in chemico computational analysis for the determination as a potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 was performed with d-limonene, the major compound in EOs. The cytotoxicity analysis of EOs and d-limonene was carried out with MRC-5 and HaCaT, and the preliminary safety profile was also evaluated by the HET-CAM assay. d-limonene was suggested as a promising compound for anti-SARS-CoV-2 research, since the molecule does not provide mutagenic and cytotoxic fragments, and does not have irritating potential when diluted, in addition to having favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics, through in chemico analysis. Collectively, the results reveal the antiviral potential of lime and orange EOs, as well as their major compound. In this sense, further studies should be conducted to understand the antiviral mechanisms.

Use of Topical Lavender Essential Oils to Reduce Perceptions of Burnout in Critical Care.

BACKGROUND: Intensive care unit (ICU) health care workers face increased burnout. The purpose of this project was to evaluate burnout after implementing lavender essential oils. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of topical lavender essential oils in decreasing the instance of burnout in frontline ICU health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A predesign and postdesign evidence-based practice project was conducted to evaluate the implications of an 8-week topical lavender oil intervention on health care worker burnout. The Maslach Burnout Inventory, including subscales of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment, was administered before and after the intervention. Health care workers' compliance and satisfaction with the intervention were also measured. RESULTS: Thirty-four ICU health care workers participated. Results showed significant improvements in the personal accomplishment subscale (mean [SD], 3.86 [0.81] before vs 4.14 [1.01] after intervention; P = .04). Improvements in depersonalization were not significant. Most participants were satisfied (n = 23 [67.6%]) and compliant (n = 23 [67.6%]) with the intervention. CONCLUSION: The use of topical lavender essential oils is a cost-effective intervention that can be used to decrease components of burnout in frontline ICU workers.